Cardiac Medicine Certification (CMC) Practice Exam

Which symptoms might indicate gastrointestinal involvement in heart failure?

1. Nausea and abdominal discomfort

2. Constipation and flatulence

3. Diarrhea and cramping

4. Indigestion and acid reflux

The correct answer is: Nausea and abdominal discomfort

Nausea and abdominal discomfort are symptoms that can indicate gastrointestinal involvement in heart failure. In heart failure, the body's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, which can lead to decreased blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. This reduction in perfusion can result in symptoms such as nausea and abdominal discomfort due to intestinal ischemia. Additionally, these symptoms can also stem from congestion in the liver and gastrointestinal vasculature as a consequence of elevated pressures in the venous system, leading to fluid accumulation and distension. While other gastrointestinal symptoms, like constipation and indigestion, can occur with heart failure, the combination of nausea and abdominal discomfort is particularly relevant as it highlights the direct impact of heart failure on gut function and indicates potential complications arising from the condition. This understanding is crucial for healthcare providers in assessing and managing heart failure patients effectively.